The wonders of terpenes

Did you know that there are over 200 known terpenes found in cannabis? In this article we explore these scented wonders and tell you more about some of the lesser known terpenes you can find in our CBD products.

Terpenes are a large, diverse class of aromatic organic hydrocarbons, produced by plants and flowers. Terpenes give plants their unique scent; they attract pollinating insects; they ward off predators; they protect the plant against bacteria and fungi; and they regulate the plant’s metabolism.

As if this wasn’t enough, each fragrant terpene has its own therapeutic quality that, when combined with odourless cannabinoids such as CBD, create something called the ‘entourage effect’.

Terpenes in everyday use

The 200+ terpenes found in plants from the cannabis sativa family aren’t unique to cannabis - far from it. Most of the terpenes in cannabis can also be found in a wide range of plants, and are extracted for a wide range of uses.

For example, if you’ve ever used lavender oil to destress or promote better sleep, then you’ve benefited from the terpene known as linalool. On the other hand, if you’re fond of a fresh citrus scented shower gel to wake you up in the morning, then the terpene known as limonene is working for you.

Core terpenes from cannabis strains

Linalool and limonene are core terpenes that can be found in the majority of cannabis strains. In our previous guide to the entourage effect mentioned above, we detail the five most common terpenes in our CBD e-liquid range. Linalool and limonene are the first two, followed by myrcene, pinene, and caryophyllene.

In this follow-up article, we wanted to explore the next five major terpenes that we combine with CBD isolate to replicate some of the most popular and beneficial cannabis varieties.

Humulene

In my opinion, a good beer is a hoppy beer (don’t @ me!). The same terpene that provides hops with their distinctive smell is responsible for one of the most recognisable aromas within the cannabis world. That terpene is humulene.

Formerly known as a-caryophyllene, it was renamed after Humulus lupulus - also known as hops. Both hops and cannabis are part of the Cannabaceae family of flowering plants - hence their similar aromas.

Many remedies you can find in Chinese apothecaries will be high in humulene. It is an effective sedative and acts as an antibacterial agent. It has anti-inflammatory properties - in fact, a study from 2009 concluded that humulene was as effective as an anti-inflammatory as certain steroidal drugs.

Humulene is also a useful appetite suppressant which is leading to research into its potential as a weight loss aid.

However, the most exciting potential benefit comes from a 2003 study which shows that humulene is capable of killing cancer cells. This seems to be even more effective when humulene is combined with other terpenes and cannabinoids - once again showcasing the benefit of the entourage effect.

Humulene can be found most predominantly in our Pineapple Express, Jack Herer, and Super Silver Haze e-liquids.

Terpinolene

Terpinolene displays a piney, woody aroma with hints of citrus and spice. It is commonly found in sage, rosemary, tea tree, cumin, and nutmeg. Its strong, pleasant aroma makes it a common ingredient in perfumes and beauty products.

The potential benefits of terpinolene are mainly found in its antifungal, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. It is mildly sedative and is one of the major terpenes responsible for enhancing the action of cannabinoids like CBD.

Terpinolene is found in high concentrations within our Grand Daddy Purple and Jack Herer e-liquids.

Bisabolol

One of the lesser known cannabis terpenes, the pleasing floral aroma and skin-healing properties of bisabolol has led to its use in the cosmetics industry for hundreds of years. In nature, bisabolol is the most abundant terpene in the chamomile flower.

It is commonly found in products for sensitive skin, after-sun, after shaves, and topical products for irritated skin due to its potent anti-irritant properties.

Research shows that bisabolol is also highly effective at reducing inflammation, as well as reducing the levels of perceived pain associated with inflammation.

Bisabolol has more recently been found to have anti-ulcer and gastroprotective qualities and has also been tested in topical treatments against venous leg ulcers. The antifungal properties of bisabolol have shown to be particularly effective against certain candida fungi; moreover, its antimicrobial properties could be useful in oral hygiene products as an efficient halitosis treatment.

Bisabolol can be found in our Grand Daddy Purple and Pineapple Express CBD e-liquids. As it is an effective skincare treatment, it can also be found as a major terpene in some of our CBD topicals.

Ocimene

Ocimene carries a sweet, herbaceous, earthy aroma. As well as certain cannabis strains, the plants with the highest ocimene content are tarragon, oregano, parsley, mint, and basil - delicious!

Cannabis strains with a high prevalence of ocimene are known for their uplifting and energetic effects. Ocimene also acts as a powerful decongestant; when inhaled, it can help to expel mucus and phlegm, promoting better breathing.

As with many of its terpene brethren, ocimene has shown antifungal, antiseptic, and antibacterial benefits. Furthermore, when paired with other terpenes including pinene, a 2008 study showed promise in the treatment of viruses, including SARS.

Further research in a 2013 study indicates that ocimene may be beneficial for people with diabetes as it inhibits the proliferation of key enzymes.

Ocimene is prevalent in our Grand Daddy Purple and Jack Herer e-liquids.

Terpineol

Another terpene commonly found in body products, terpineol has a distinctive pine smoke aroma and occurs naturally in lilacs, pine trees, eucalyptus, and lapsang souchong tea.

It is noted for its sedative effects and has been shown in lab tests to produce a significant analgesic effect in mice. Therefore, terpineol is being suggested as an important tool in promoting better sleep and managing pain.

It also has potential as a powerful anxiolytic, helping to naturally reduce symptoms of various anxiety disorders.

Finally, products that are high in the terpineol terpene could prove beneficial as an anticonvulsant. Studies show that terpineol could reduce the frequency and intensity of seizures.

Terpineol features in the highest quantities in our Jack Herer, OG Kush, Pineapple Express, and Super Silver Haze e-liquids.

The terpenes phenomenon

There are many, many more terpenes that each have many, many more benefits. Delta 3 Carene, which is playing a part in finding a cure for Alzheimer’s disease. Valencene, which can be used as an effective mosquito and tick repellant. Camphene, which has the ability to lower cholesterol. Borneol, which has been shown by one study to kill breast cancer cells. Keep checking back as we are sure to explore more in the future as CBD e-liquids evolve.

With so much of the focus being placed on the role of cannabinoids, such as CBD, on our health, it is important not to overlook the enhancing effects of terpenes.

As research continues, we are confident that further therapeutic qualities will be discovered. In the meantime, we hope this guide, as well as the previous one, will provide you with enough information to make a choice about the CBD e-liquid that is right for you.

The research into CBD continues

As more studies are undertaken, and more research published, we will continue to update you with all the latest findings regarding CBD.

If you still have more questions, we are always happy to help. Just get in touch with any queries you have about CBD or vaping in general.

The content in this article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your GP, or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a particular medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.